To achieve marked improvement of the cardiac function in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction, a cell source with high-level efficiency to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and a strong tissue repair ability is required.

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), umblical cord mesenchymal cells and umblical cord derived exosomes can used in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction (MI).

MSC transplantation depends on the administration method, and generally, methods such as intramyocardial, intracoronary artery, and intravenous administration have been adopted.

The efficacy of the stem cells to be used, timing of administration, method of administration, number of cells to be administered, patient background, etc., must be considered under optimal conditions.